Colour Theory - Part 3 - Colour and Contrast.
Johannes Itten's Seven Contrasts of Colour:
Contrast of Tone
In a sentence, the difference between the light and dark of colours.
Contrast of Hue
A higher contrast of hue means a higher contrast in colour shade. IE, the colours being discussed are far away from each other on the colour wheel.
Contrast of Saturation
Contrast of saturation describes the strength of colour next to another shade.
Contrast of Extension
Also known as the contrast of proportion, this is used when describing the proportional field sizes in relation to the visual 'weight' of colours. Darker colours = 'heavier colours and vice versa.
Lots of 'light' colour to a small portion of 'heavy' colour can almost balance the colour.
Hierarchy of text can be assisted when contrast of extension is considered.
Contrast of Temperature
What it says on the tin. For example, Scarlett Red is 'warmer' than magenta pink, because it is closer to a violet hue.
Complementary Contrast
complementary colours are those that are at complete perceptual opposites. A high level of most contrasts is found in complementary colours. This does not mean that they go together! It just means that they are at opposites, and so stand out the most.
Simultaneous Contrast
Formed when colour boundaries perpetually vibrate. If a colour is absent in a piece of artwork, if you stare at it long enough, a shade of this missing colour will appear.
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Identifying different contrasts
Study 1 - Orange Headband
Study 1 - Orange Headband
Orange |
Contrast of Tone
headband ever so slightly lighter in shade, little to no contrast
Contrast of Huelittle to no contrast because of same colour Contrast of Saturation little to no contrast because of same strength of colour Contrast of Extension little to no contrast because of little contrast in tone Contrast of Temperature little to no contrast because of similar shade Complementary Contrast no contrast in this case Simultaneous Contrast no contrast in this case |
Red
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| Contrast of Tone Some contrast, headband is a lot brighter than the red Contrast of Hue little to no contrast in hue Contrast of Saturation headband stands out because it is a stronger orange, and the background is a weak red Contrast of Extension the headband is lighter and brighter, and so the red is darker and 'heavier' so there is quite a contrast Contrast of Temperature although red is 'warmer', the orange in this instance is the warmer one because it is higher in saturation Complementary Contrast no contrast in this case Simultaneous Contrast little to no contrast in this case |
Green
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| Contrast of Tone hardly any contrast of tone, both of similar brightness Contrast of Hue quite a stark contrast of hue because of the variation of shades Contrast of Saturation slight contrast because of weak green and strong orange Contrast of Extension little to no contrast because of similar shade of tone Contrast of Temperature Cool green against warm orange equals stark contrast Complementary Contrast quite a stark contrast because of the difference in the two ranges the colours come from Simultaneous Contrast slight contrast in this case |
Yellow
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| Contrast of Tone little contrast - the orange is slightly darker Contrast of Hue little contrast in hue because of similarity of colour range Contrast of Saturation slight contrast in saturation because the orange is a stronger orange than the yellow is yellow Contrast of Extension The orange is heavier than the yellow because it is darker in tone Contrast of Temperature the orange is warmer Complementary Contrast little to no complementary contrast Simultaneous Contrast quite a lot of contrast because the colours are so close together on the colour wheel. |
Biege
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| Contrast of Tone little to no contrast because they are both quite light Contrast of Hue very high contrast of hue - completely different colours Contrast of Saturation the biege is very dull, whereas the orange is a lot stronger Contrast of Extension because the orange is stronger, it is also heavier, creating a high contrast in extension Contrast of Temperature The orange is a lot warmer than the beige Complementary Contrast quite a stark contrast in oppositions Simultaneous Contrast little to no contrast |
Blue
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| Contrast of Tone little contrast in tone, because the orange is bright but the blue is light Contrast of Hue very high contrast of hue - completely different colours Contrast of Saturation quite a large contrast in between the strengths of these colours Contrast of Extension little to no contrast since they are both quite dense colours Contrast of Temperature large contrast between temperatures as blue is far into the cold range and the orange being the opposite Complementary Contrast large contrast because of the contrast in temperature Simultaneous Contrast little to no contrast |
Study 2
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| Contrast of Tone little to no contrast of toneContrast of Hue little to no contrast in hue - same colour spectrumContrast of Saturation little contrast of saturation - both quite weak bluesContrast of Extension little to no contrast in extension because of little to no contrast of tone Contrast of Temperature little to no contrast in temperatureComplementary Contrast little contrast because of similar colour shadeSimultaneous Contrast little to no simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone little contrast of toneContrast of Hue little to mid contrast of hue - blue and yellow are relatively close colours but this yellow is slightly warmer than the blue and so is nearer the red spectrumContrast of Saturation little contrast of saturation - yellow is stronger than blueContrast of Extension little to no contrast in extension because of little to no contrast of tone Contrast of Temperature little - mid contrast in temperatureComplementary Contrast high contrast because of immediate appearance in photoSimultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone minimal contrast of toneContrast of Hue little contrast of hue - blue and green are relatively similar coloursContrast of Saturation little contrast in saturationContrast of Extension minimal contrast in extension because of minimal contrast of tone Contrast of Temperature little - mid contrast in temperatureComplementary Contrast little complementary contrast Simultaneous Contrast little to no simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone little contrast of toneContrast of Hue high contrast of hueContrast of Saturation high contrast of saturation - orange is very strongContrast of Extension little to no contrast in extension because of little to no contrast of tone Contrast of Temperature high contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast high complementary contrast - colours are perceptual oppositesSimultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone mid contrast of toneContrast of Hue high contrast of hueContrast of Saturation high contrast of saturation - red is very wholesome and strongContrast of Extension mid contrast of extension because of mid contrast in tone Contrast of Temperature high contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast high complementary contrast - colours are perceptual opposites Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
Study 3 - orange handle of a pair of scissors
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| Contrast of Tone mid contrast of toneContrast of Hue high contrast of hueContrast of Saturation high contrast of saturation - orange lot stronger than blueContrast of Extension mid/high contrast of extension because of mid contrast in tone and high contrast of saturationContrast of Temperature high contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast high complementary contrast - colours are perceptual opposites Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone little to no contrast of toneContrast of Hue little to mid contrast in hueContrast of Saturation little contrast of saturationContrast of Extension little to no contrast in extension because of little to no contrast of tone Contrast of Temperature little contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast low complementary contrast Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone little to no contrast of toneContrast of Hue high contrast of hueContrast of Saturation little contrast in saturationContrast of Extension little to no contrast in extension because of little to no contrast of tone Contrast of Temperature mid- high contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast high contrast in this caseSimultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone mid contrast of toneContrast of Hue little to no contrast of hueContrast of Saturation little to no contrast in saturationContrast of Extension little contrast of extension because of mid contrast in tone Contrast of Temperature mid- high contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast little to mid complementary contrastSimultaneous Contrast little to no simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone no contrast of toneContrast of Hue no contrast of hueContrast of Saturation no contrast of saturationContrast of Extension no contrast of extensionContrast of Temperature no contrast in temperatureComplementary Contrast no complementary contrastSimultaneous Contrast possibility of simultaneous contrast in that they are practically the same colour - you cannot tell where one colour ends and the other begins if not for the shadow of the object. |
Study 4
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| Contrast of Tone high contrast of tone between the vivid piece of paper and the dull blue backgroundContrast of Hue very high contrast of hueContrast of Saturation very high contrast of saturation - blue is very weak Contrast of Extension high contrast of extension because of high contrast in tone Contrast of Temperature high contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast high complementary contrast - colours are perceptual opposites Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone little contrast of toneContrast of Hue little to mid contrast of hueContrast of Saturation quite high contrast of saturationContrast of Extension little to no contrast in extension because of little to no contrast of tone Contrast of Temperature little - mid contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast mid complementary contrastSimultaneous Contrast mid amount of simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone little contrast of toneContrast of Hue little to no contrast in hueContrast of Saturation mid contrast of saturationContrast of Extension little to no contrast in extension because of little to no contrast of tone Contrast of Temperature little to no contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast little to mid complementary contrastSimultaneous Contrast little to no simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone notable contrast of toneContrast of Hue high contrast in hueContrast of Saturation little to no contrast of saturationContrast of Extension little to mid contrast of extension because of notable contrast in tone Contrast of Temperature high contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast high complementary contrast - colours are perceptual opposites Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone little contrast in toneContrast of Hue little to no contrast in hueContrast of Saturation little to mid contrast of saturation - background is slightly weaker that foregroundContrast of Extension little to no contrast in extension because of little to no contrast of tone Contrast of Temperature little to no contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast little to mid complementary contrast Simultaneous Contrast little to no simultaneous contrast |
Study 5 - orange in the wings of a toy
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| Contrast of Tone high contrast in toneContrast of Hue high contrast in hueContrast of Saturation high contrast of saturation - wings of toy are a lot stronger than the duller backgroundContrast of Extension high contrast of extension because of high contrast in tone Contrast of Temperature high contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast high complementary contrastSimultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone little to no contrast in toneContrast of Hue little to no contrast in hueContrast of Saturation little contrast in saturationContrast of Extension little to no contrast in extension because of little to no contrast of tone Contrast of Temperature little- mid contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast little to mid complementary contrastSimultaneous Contrast little to no simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone little to no contrast in toneContrast of Hue high contrast in hueContrast of Saturation little contrast in saturationContrast of Extension ittle to no contrast in extension because of little to no contrast of tone Contrast of Temperature mid contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast mid complementary contrast Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone notable amount of contrast in toneContrast of Hue little contrast in hueContrast of Saturation mid contrast of saturationContrast of Extension mid contrast of extension because of mid contrast in tone Contrast of Temperature little - mid contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast little to mid complementary contrastSimultaneous Contrast mid simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone notable amount of contrast in toneContrast of Hue no contrast in hueContrast of Saturation little to no contrast in saturation - both oranges of similar strengthContrast of Extension little amount of contrast in extension because of little tonal rangeContrast of Temperature little to no contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast little to no complementary contrastSimultaneous Contrast little to no simultaneous contrast |
Study 6
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| Contrast of Tone great contrast of toneContrast of Hue mid contrast of hueContrast of Saturation mid to high contrast in saturation - background is very strong compared to dull objectContrast of Extension high contrast of extension because of high contrast in tone Contrast of Temperature mid contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast high complementary contrast - colours are perceptual opposites Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone little contrast in toneContrast of Hue little contrast in hueContrast of Saturation mid contrast in saturationContrast of Extension little to no contrast in extension because of little to no contrast of tone Contrast of Temperature little to no contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast little to no complementary contrast Simultaneous Contrast little to no simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone great contrast in toneContrast of Hue little - mid contrast of hueContrast of Saturation high contrast in saturation - background a lot stronger than objectContrast of Extension high contrast of extension because of great contrast in tone Contrast of Temperature little contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast little complementary contrast Simultaneous Contrast little to mid simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone little contrast of toneContrast of Hue high contrast of hueContrast of Saturation high contrast of saturationContrast of Extension little contrast in extension because of minimal contrast of tone Contrast of Temperature high contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast high complementary contrast Simultaneous Contrast little to no simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone high contrast of toneContrast of Hue high contrast of hueContrast of Saturation high contrast of saturationContrast of Extension high contrast of extension because of high contrast in tone Contrast of Temperature high contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast high complementary contrast - colours are perceptual opposites Simultaneous Contrast little to no simultaneous contrast |
Study 7
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| Contrast of Tone Dramatic contrast in tone - the box is drastically darker than the paperContrast of Hue little to mid contrast of hue - if the tone of both colours was adjusted to the same, the box, I think, would be a stronger blue than the weaker paper colour.Contrast of Saturation little to mid contrast in saturationContrast of Extension high contrast of extension because of high contrast in tone- proportionally imbalanced Contrast of Temperature Not a great contrast in temperature - in fact none at all.Complementary Contrast high complementary contrast because of tone Simultaneous Contrast mid amount of simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone Drastic contrast of tone between the bright yellow and nearly black boxContrast of Hue mid contrast of hueContrast of Saturation mid contrast in saturation Contrast of Extension high contrast of extension because of high contrast in tone- proportionally imbalanced Contrast of Temperature mid- high contrast in temperature Complementary Contrast high complementary contrast - colours are perceptual opposites Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone High contrast in tone between bright lime green and nearly black boxContrast of Hue mid contrast of hue Contrast of Saturation mid contrast of saturationContrast of Extension high contrast of extension because of high contrast in tone- proportionally imbalanced Contrast of Temperature mid- high contrast in temperature Complementary Contrast high complementary contrast because of toneSimultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone High contrast in toneContrast of Hue high contrast of hueContrast of Saturation little to no contrast in saturation - not sure?Contrast of Extension high contrast of extension because of high contrast in tone- proportionally imbalanced Contrast of Temperature mid- high contrast in temperature Complementary Contrast high complementary contrast because of tone Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone High contrast in toneContrast of Hue high contrast of hueContrast of Saturation high contrast of saturation Contrast of Extension high contrast of extension because of high contrast in tone- proportionally imbalanced Contrast of Temperature mid- high contrast in temperature Complementary Contrast high complementary contrast because of tone Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
Study 8
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| Contrast of Tone Mid - high contrast of toneContrast of Hue little to mid contrast of hueContrast of Saturation little contrast in saturationContrast of Extension mid- high contrast of extension because of tonal contrastContrast of Temperature little contrast in temperatureComplementary Contrast high complementary contrast because of tone Simultaneous Contrast little to no simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone High contrast in toneContrast of Hue mid contrast of hueContrast of Saturation mid to high contrast in saturationContrast of Extension high contrast of extension because of high contrast in tone Contrast of Temperature little - mid contrast in temperatureComplementary Contrast high complementary contrast - colours are perceptual opposites Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone High contrast of toneContrast of Hue little to mid contrast of hueContrast of Saturation little to mid contrast of saturationContrast of Extension high contrast of extension because of high contrast in tone- proportionally imbalanced Contrast of Temperature mid contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast high complementary contrast - colours are perceptual opposites Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone mid- high contrast of toneContrast of Hue high contrast of hueContrast of Saturation mid - high contrast of saturationContrast of Extension mid contrast of extension because of mid contrast of toneContrast of Temperature mid- high contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast high complementary contrast - colours are perceptual opposites Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone High contrast of toneContrast of Hue high contrast of hueContrast of Saturation high contrast of saturation - foreground is a lot duller than backgroundContrast of Extension high contrast of extension because of high contrast in tone Contrast of Temperature mid- high contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast high complementary contrast - colours are perceptual opposites Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
Study 9
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| Contrast of Tone mid - high contrast of toneContrast of Hue high contrast of hueContrast of Saturation high contrast of saturationContrast of Extension high contrast of extension because of high contrast in tone- but proportionally balanced Contrast of Temperature mid- high contrast of temperature Complementary Contrast high complementary contrast - colours are perceptual opposites Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone little contrast of toneContrast of Hue little to mid contrast of hueContrast of Saturation mid - high contrast of saturationContrast of Extension little to no contrast in extension because of little contrast of tone Contrast of Temperature little- mid contrast of temperature Complementary Contrast mid complementary contrast because of tone Simultaneous Contrast little to no simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone little to no contrast of toneContrast of Hue mid to high contrast of hue Contrast of Saturation little - mid contrast of saturationContrast of Extension little to no contrast in extension because of little to no contrast of tone Contrast of Temperature little- mid contrast of temperatureComplementary Contrast little to mid complementary contrast because of tone Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone little contrast of toneContrast of Hue little to no contrast of hueContrast of Saturation little - mid contrast of saturationContrast of Extension little to no contrast in extension because of little to no contrast of tone Contrast of Temperature little to no contrast in temperatureComplementary Contrast little complementary contrast because of tone Simultaneous Contrast little to no simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone no contrast of toneContrast of Hue very little to no contrast of hueContrast of Saturation little to no contrast in saturationContrast of Extension little to no contrast in extension because of little to no contrast of tone Contrast of Temperature little to no contrast in temperatureComplementary Contrast no complementary contraste Simultaneous Contrast little to no simultaneous contrast |
Study 10
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| Contrast of Tone high contrast of toneContrast of Hue very little to no contrast of hue Contrast of Saturation mid- high contrast of saturationContrast of Extension high contrast of extensionContrast of Temperature little contrast in temperatureComplementary Contrast high complementary contrast because of tone Simultaneous Contrast little to mid simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone high contrast of toneContrast of Hue little contrast of hueContrast of Saturation little - mid contrast of saturationContrast of Extension high contrast of extension because of high contrast in tone- proportionally imbalancedContrast of Temperature high contrast of temperature Complementary Contrast high complementary contrast - colours are perceptual opposites Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone high contrast of toneContrast of Hue mid contrast of hueContrast of Saturation mid - high contrast of saturationContrast of Extension high contrast of extension because of high contrast in tone- proportionally imbalanced Contrast of Temperature high contrast of temperature Complementary Contrast high complementary contrast - colours are perceptual opposites Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone high contrast of toneContrast of Hue high contrast of hueContrast of Saturation mid contrast of saturationContrast of Extension high contrast of extension because of high contrast in tone- proportionally imbalanced Contrast of Temperature high contrast of temperature Complementary Contrast high complementary contrast - colours are perceptual opposites Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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| Contrast of Tone high contrast of toneContrast of Hue high contrast of hueContrast of Saturation little - mid contrast of saturation Contrast of Extension high contrast of extension because of high contrast in tone- proportionally imbalanced Contrast of Temperature high contrast of temperature Complementary Contrast high complementary contrast - colours are perceptual opposites Simultaneous Contrast mid- high simultaneous contrast |
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